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Washing Machines

The upfront costs of some highly efficient washers can be daunting, but while all appliances designed for efficiency cost more, the long-term savings are significant. They can reduce total water use by one-third, which translates to an annual savings of $95.

The following are basic criteria to use when choosing a new unit:

Energy Star Rating

Since January 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy has required new washers to consume 21 percent less energy than previous Energy Star models. Under the new regulations, Energy Star-rated machines are now 37 percent more energy-efficient and use 7,000 gallons less water than non-qualified models.

Gallons Per Load

On average, conventional washers are the second-largest water users in the home after toilets, consuming 40 gallons per load, whereas Energy Star-rated appliances use between 18 to 25 gallons, with some using even less.

Energy Star Water Factor

The Water Factor is a ratio of how much water is used compared to the size of the drum; the lower the number, the more water-efficient the machine. For example, a machine with a 3-gallon drum that uses 27 gallons per load has a water factor of 9. Energy Star-rated machines have water factors ranging from 3.4 to 7.9.

Front or Top Loader

Front-loading machines are, in general, more efficient than their top-loading counterparts, using 40 to 60 percent less water and 30 to 50 percent less energy. They also have the benefit of faster spin times, which means clothes dry faster. Due to their increased efficiency, some local utilities offer rebates for purchasing front loaders.

Also, under the new federal requirement, the performance of traditional top loaders in general, has suffered, and clothes come out less clean, according to Consumer Reports tests.